Research and publication standards
CLA's evidence notes are intended to make the factual basis for our policy work visible and open to challenge. They are not designed to make a campaign argument look stronger by hiding uncertainty or contrary evidence.
Start with the question, not the conclusion
Each evidence note begins with a defined question. We separate the evidence needed to answer that question from CLA's policy position. Where the evidence does not support a confident conclusion, we say so.
Use primary and authoritative sources where possible
We prefer legislation, official guidance, court and tribunal decisions, government data, systematic reviews, peer-reviewed research and publications from recognised professional or research bodies. Secondary sources may help us identify evidence, but important claims should normally be traceable to the underlying source.
Preserve important qualifications
Evidence is rarely uniform. We try to distinguish association from causation, diagnosis from legal disability, population findings from individual cases, and evidence from one jurisdiction from evidence that can safely be applied in another.
Link the claim to the source
Evidence notes include references and direct links wherever practicable so readers can check the material for themselves. Statistics should be accompanied by enough information to understand the population, period and source behind them.
Separate evidence from advocacy
CLA campaigns for policy change. That should be obvious to readers. Our evidence notes can support those campaigns, but a source does not become stronger because it supports our preferred policy, and contrary evidence should not be omitted simply because it is inconvenient.
Use lived experience carefully
Lived experience can identify problems, questions and consequences that quantitative research misses. It is valuable evidence of individual experience, but we do not present one person's experience as proof of what is true for everyone.
Review legal claims by jurisdiction and date
Law changes. Comparative work should identify the jurisdiction being discussed and distinguish legislation, official guidance and case law. Evidence notes carry a review date so readers can see when the material was last checked.
Correct and update
Our evidence notes are living documents. If a material error is identified, we will correct it. If new evidence changes the balance of an argument, we will update the note rather than leave an outdated claim in place.
Invite scrutiny
Readers, researchers, practitioners and organisations are welcome to send evidence, criticism or corrections to policy@civillibertiesaction.org.uk.
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Database methods and coverage
Our six databases preserve source dates, reference periods, limitations and unresolved gaps. Compilation uses AI assistance; no independent external review has been completed.
Read the database methods and correction process · Explore the databases.